Doubt
Casting suspicion on a source's credibility without offering grounds for the suspicion.
What we have recorded
| Instances recorded | 1,025 |
|---|---|
| Articles containing it | 958 |
| Share of all recorded techniques | 1.8% |
| Average manipulation score where present | 53.6 (corpus average 45.1) |
Outlets where we have recorded it most
| Outlet | Instances recorded |
|---|---|
| rt.com | 99 |
| ynetnews.com | 75 |
| nbcnews.com | 74 |
| theguardian.com | 63 |
| aljazeera.com | 56 |
Counts reflect the articles we have analyzed, which are not a representative sample of any outlet's output.
Recent examples
"Netanyahu’s office has, however, appeared to question the reports of the attack on the Europeans, saying on X that they are 'alleged' and require 'compelling evidence', despite acknowledging that published footage of the incident exists."
Highlights how Netanyahu’s office casts doubt on well-documented incidents (including video evidence) by labeling them as 'alleged' and demanding 'compelling evidence,' thereby undermining the credibility of the victims and witnesses without providing counter-evidence.
A timeline of West Bank attacks on Palestinians and foreign officials"Well, I don’t know what Zelenskyy said. I’m not sure Zelenskyy knows what he’s talking about, but it wasn’t deliberate. We have nothing to do with that"
Rubio questions Ukrainian President Zelenskyy's credibility and competence without providing counterevidence, implying he lacks knowledge or understanding of the situation, thereby undermining his statement about Starlink disruptions.
Rubio says Ukraine without access to Starshield, future ‘under discussion’"There is something more than that, there have to be other charges for the substantiation of the warrant because a judge wouldn’t sign something beyond statute of limitations"
The official questions the legitimacy of the warrant and the investigation without providing counterevidence, casting doubt on the judicial process and the justification for the raid based on speculation.
Inside ICE, Officials Question String of Trump Admin “Midterm Panic Moves”"Given what we’ve actually seen in practice in the UK in recent years, that has not been anywhere near [that] level of capability"
McCallum questions Iran’s operational capability in the UK context, casting doubt on the seriousness or sophistication of Iran’s efforts. While framed as an assessment, it functions as a technique to undermine the perceived threat level of Iran-linked actors, potentially discrediting broader concerns without engaging with external evidence.
UK spy chief says Iran is stepping up targeting of military bases"The IRGC-affiliated Tasnim News Agency alleged that the gunmen had links to Israel and the US, but did not identify the group responsible or provide evidence to support its claim."
The author highlights the lack of evidence for Tasnim’s claim, thereby questioning the credibility of the IRGC-affiliated outlet without directly refuting the possibility. This qualifies as 'Doubt' by casting skepticism on the source’s assertion in a way that undermines its reliability.
Basij female unit commander assassinated in latest attack targeting Iranian armed forces"He denied reports raised by Klein that UAE President Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan had telephoned Netanyahu before October 7 to warn him of an impending attack. 'There was no such call,' Falk said."
Dismisses a reported claim without providing counterevidence, casting doubt on the credibility of the reporting or the source without engaging in factual refutation—undermining the narrative rather than addressing it substantively.
WATCH: Israel ‘very close’ to creating conditions for regime change in Iran, Netanyahu adviser says"When pressed about the Russian strikes, Trump said, “Well, I’d have to look at it and see, because there’s been violations on both sides.”"
Trump questions the credibility of reports about Russian attacks without evidence, implying equivalence between the parties despite documented Russian strikes. This deflects accountability by casting unwarranted doubt on verified actions.
Trump insists energy ceasefire holds as Ukraine reports new Russian strikes"Zelensky’s continued attempts to target Moscow despite harsh retaliation against Ukraine’s military-related infrastructure prove that he doesn’t care about the well-being of his country’s people"
Asserts Zelensky's indifference to civilian welfare as fact without evidence, implying moral failing to undermine his credibility rather than engaging with strategic or defensive rationale for military actions.
Zelensky ‘doesn’t give a damn’ about Ukrainians – Russian envoyOther Attack on Reputation techniques
Check an article for doubt and 22 other techniques.
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