Why lasers, at $3 per shot, may be the next frontier for stopping drone attacks

cbsnews.com·Lesley Stahl, Aliza Chasan, Shachar Bar-On
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Noticeable — persuasion techniques worth noting

This article aims to make you believe that Iranian drones are a significant threat and laser technology is the answer. It uses emotional appeals by highlighting casualties and financial costs, and heavily relies on defense contractor executives as authorities to support its claims about the effectiveness and necessity of laser defenses.

FATE Analysis

Four dimensions of psychological manipulation: how content captures Focus, exploits Authority, triggers Tribal identity, and engineers Emotion.

Focus3/10Authority4/10Tribe4/10Emotion5/10
FFocus
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AAuthority
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TTribe
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EEmotion
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Focus signals

unprecedented framing
"Amid attacks from cheaply made Iranian Shahed drones, the U.S. is looking toward new, cost-effective ways to neutralize the threat."

Presents the use of cheap drones as a novel and significant challenge requiring new solutions, capturing attention for the laser technology discussion.

novelty spike
"Laser technology is still relatively young and experimental. But with a cost of just a few dollars a shot, lasers are being looked at as a possible solution as combatting Iran's drones drains the U.S. weapons stockpile, according to Wahid Nawabi, CEO of American defense contractor AeroVironment."

Highlights the 'new' and 'experimental' nature of laser technology while suggesting its unprecedented cost-effectiveness as a solution to a pressing problem, creating a novelty spike.

Authority signals

expert appeal
"Laser technology is still relatively young and experimental. But with a cost of just a few dollars a shot, lasers are being looked at as a possible solution as combatting Iran's drones drains the U.S. weapons stockpile, according to Wahid Nawabi, CEO of American defense contractor AeroVironment."

Leverages the CEO of a defense contractor to lend credibility to the claim about lasers being a viable, cost-effective solution.

institutional authority
"AeroVironment, which has sold its lasers to the U.S. military for use along the border with Mexico, employs a laser system called Locust."

Uses the fact that AeroVironment has existing contracts with the U.S. military to imply credibility and proven effectiveness for their technology.

institutional authority
"Mara Karlin, who worked at the Pentagon under both Democratic and Republican administrations, said she feels the U.S. went into the war with Iran prepared for missiles, not 'for other threats like drones hitting soft targets.'"

Leverages the authority of a former Pentagon official across administrations to provide an informed perspective on military preparedness and the evolving threat landscape.

expert appeal
"He noted that Locust has also been 'actively deployed and placed at their battle stations and never had to come inside during any weather event.'"

Uses the testimony from the program lead at AeroVironment to address concerns about the laser's performance in adverse conditions, using his expertise to dismiss doubts.

Tribe signals

us vs them
"Amid attacks from cheaply made Iranian Shahed drones, the U.S. is looking toward new, cost-effective ways to neutralize the threat."

Establishes a clear 'us' (U.S.) and 'them' (Iran) dynamic, framing Iran as the aggressor and origin of the threat, while positioning the U.S. as needing to 'neutralize' it. This is a factual categorization but contributes to the 'us vs. them' framing.

us vs them
"Propaganda video from the Islamic Republic showed the country's arsenal of drones, which have been used to menace the Gulf states: blasting apartment buildings, airports and oil refineries."

Creates a distinct 'us' (Gulf states, implicitly the U.S. protecting them) versus 'them' (Iran), portraying Iran's actions as menacing and destructive, reinforcing the adversarial dynamic.

us vs them
"An operator locks in on the drone using an ordinary X-Box controller. From there, the laser uses artificial intelligence to track the drone as it approaches."

While ostensibly technical, the detail about an 'operator' targeting 'the drone as it approaches' implicitly reinforces the 'us (our operators/tech) vs. them (their drones approaching)' dynamic of conflict.

Emotion signals

fear engineering
"A drone attack killed six U.S. service members in Kuwait."

This factual statement is immediately presented to evoke fear and concern for military personnel and highlight the gravity of the threat posed by Iranian drones. While factual, its placement at the beginning serves to emotionally anchor the narrative.

urgency
"But with a cost of just a few dollars a shot, lasers are being looked at as a possible solution as combatting Iran's drones drains the U.S. weapons stockpile, according to Wahid Nawabi, CEO of American defense contractor AeroVironment."

The phrase 'drains the U.S. weapons stockpile' suggests a critical and unsustainable situation, creating urgency around finding an alternative solution like lasers.

outrage manufacturing
"Propaganda video from the Islamic Republic showed the country's arsenal of drones, which have been used to menace the Gulf states: blasting apartment buildings, airports and oil refineries."

The strong emotional language 'menace' and descriptive imagery of 'blasting apartment buildings, airports and oil refineries' is designed to evoke outrage and anger against Iran's actions, even if based on reported events.

fear engineering
"The drones are getting faster and stronger and can move in swarms."

The description of drones as 'faster and stronger' and able to 'move in swarms' creates a sense of an escalating, overwhelming threat, heightening fear regarding their destructive potential.

Narrative Analysis (PCP)

How the article reshapes thinking: Perception (what beliefs are targeted), Context (what information is shifted or omitted), and Permission (what behavior is being encouraged).

What it wants you to believe

The reader should believe that Iranian drones pose a significant and costly threat to US and allied forces, and that laser technology, despite its nascent stage, represents a promising and economically viable solution to this problem. They should also believe that US defense contractors are at the forefront of this innovation.

Context being shifted

The article shifts the context of military spending and technological investment by focusing on the 'cost per shot' of defensive measures against cheap drones. This framing makes the millions spent on missile interceptors seem fiscally irresponsible when compared to the 'few dollars a shot' of lasers, thereby justifying increased investment in new, potentially experimental laser technology. It implicitly normalizes the idea of defense contractors pushing new technologies in response to perceived threats.

What it omits

The article omits detailed context on the geopolitical implications of widespread laser deployment, potential escalation pathways from using such weaponry, and the full range of ethical considerations surrounding autonomous or AI-assisted weapon systems. It also lacks independent verification of many claims made by the defense contractor spokespersons, particularly regarding the system's effectiveness and deployment locations, which could provide a more balanced view of the technology's readiness and impact.

Desired behavior

The reader is encouraged to support increased research, development, and deployment of laser defense systems, potentially including their sale to Gulf states. They are nudged towards accepting the narrative that this technology is a necessary, innovative, and cost-effective solution to a critical threat posed by Iran's drone capabilities, and to view defense contractors like AeroVironment as key innovators in national security.

SMRP Pattern

Four manipulation maintenance tactics: Socializing the idea as normal, Minimizing concerns, Rationalizing with logic, and Projecting blame.

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Socializing
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Minimizing
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Rationalizing
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Projecting

Red Flags

High-severity indicators: silencing dissent, coordinated messaging, or weaponizing identity to shut down debate.

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Silencing indicator
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Controlled release (spokesperson test)

"Nawabi said he cannot specify where specifically the laser has been used. ... 'There's a chicken-and-egg thing in here. So far, we've only been authorized and allowed to provide this to the U.S. military,' Nawabi said. 'So I cannot go at risk and build $1 billion worth of this stuff when I don't have a contract in place that allows me to have a security or guarantee that somebody's going to buy it.' ... 'The system is designed to not make mistakes like that,' Nawabi said."

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Identity weaponization

Techniques Found(6)

Specific propaganda techniques identified using the SemEval-2023 academic taxonomy of 23 techniques across 6 categories.

Loaded LanguageManipulative Wording
"Amid attacks from cheaply made Iranian Shahed drones, the U.S. is looking toward new, cost-effective ways to neutralize the threat. A drone attack killed six U.S. service members in Kuwait."

The phrase 'cheaply made' is used here to diminish the perceived threat of Iranian drones while simultaneously highlighting their cost-effectiveness as a weapon, creating a narrative that cheap weapons are disproportionately effective against superior US technology. This pre-frames the Iranian drones in a disparaging way beyond simply stating their cost.

Exaggeration/MinimisationManipulative Wording
"To shoot down the drones, which can cost as little as $20,000 each, the U.S. military is using anti-missile interceptors that cost millions."

This quote highlights the cost disparity between the Iranian drones ($20,000) and US interceptors (millions), potentially exaggerating the economic burden on the US defense budget and minimizing the effectiveness of current defense strategies by focusing solely on cost.

Obfuscation/VaguenessManipulative Wording
"What to know about Iran's dronesIranian drones are a drain on the U.S. weapons stockpiles and a threat to the Strait of Hormuz. Propaganda video from the Islamic Republic showed the country's arsenal of drones, which have been used to menace the Gulf states: blasting apartment buildings, airports and oil refineries."

The term 'menace' is vague and emotionally charged, implying a broad and undefined threat without specifying the exact nature or scale of harm caused by the drones in these instances. The phrase 'blasting apartment buildings, airports and oil refineries' suggests widespread destruction but lacks specific details, making it difficult to verify the extent of the damage or the frequency of such attacks.

Appeal to AuthorityJustification
"President Trump, in a March 2 Truth Social post, said the "United States Munitions Stockpiles have, at the medium and upper medium grade, never been higher or better - As was stated to me today, we have a virtually unlimited supply of these weapons.""

The article uses a quote from President Trump to support a claim about the abundance of U.S. weapon stockpiles. While Trump held a high office, the statement itself is presented without independent verification or evidence, relying on his assertion rather than factual data to back up the claim of 'virtually unlimited supply.'

Appeal to AuthorityJustification
"Mara Karlin, who worked at the Pentagon under both Democratic and Republican administrations, said she feels the U.S. went into the war with Iran prepared for missiles, not "for other threats like drones hitting soft targets.""

The article cites Mara Karlin, identified by her past role at the Pentagon under both administrations, to lend credibility to the assertion about U.S. preparedness. Her professional background serves as an authority to validate the claim about military readiness for specific threats.

Loaded LanguageManipulative Wording
"He noted that Locust has also been "actively deployed and placed at their battle stations and never had to come inside during any weather event.""

The phrase 'battle stations' is emotionally charged and militaristic, elevating the mundane deployment of a system to a more dramatic and heroic context, even when discussing its resilience to weather.

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